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The concept of the soft path was first used for energy resource management and was developed by Amory Lovins shortly after the shock of the 1973 energy crisis in the United States.〔"Energy Strategy: The Road Not Taken?" published in Foreign Affairs, in October 1976〕 This concept has now been refined and applied to water, most notably by water expert Peter Gleick〔(P.H. Gleick, 2002. Nature, Volume 418, pg. 373, July 25, 2002 )〕 and David Brooks.〔Making the Most of the Water We Have: The Soft Path Approach to Water Management, Edited By David B. Brooks, Oliver M. Brandes and Stephen Gurman, Earthscan, 2009〕 The soft path is often framed as a more integrated and effective alternative to supply-side water resource management. Supply-side water management focuses on meeting demands for water through centralized, large-scale physical infrastructure, and centralized water management systems. In the 20th century, this approach focused on constructing bigger dams and drilling deeper wells to access more water to meet projected demands of consumers. More recently, a focus on demand-side management has emerged in regions where water supply is increasingly constrained (see, for example, Peak water), and it focuses on managing demand and making current practices more efficient. The soft path integrates both supply and demand concepts but in a broader context by recognizing that water is a means to satisfy demands for goods and services and asking how much water, of what qualities, is actually required to satisfy those demands efficiently and sustainably.〔Page 4. The Soft Path for Water in a Nutshell. 2005. Oliver M Brandes and David B Brooks. Friends of the Earth and POLIS Project on Ecological Governance. University of Victoria, Victoria, BC.〕 Soft path water planning also requires broader institutional approaches to water management including the application of smart economics, the potential for distributed rather than centralized water systems, and more democratic participation in water policy decisions.〔G. Wolff and P.H. Gleick, "The Soft Path for Water" in The World's Water 2002-2003 (Island Press, Washington D.C., pp. 1-32.()〕 Others have described the soft path as "unleashing the full potential of demand-side management.",〔()http://www.poliswaterproject.org/softpath (M Brandes water expert )http://www.cbc.ca/blueprintalberta/experts/oliver-brandes.html〕〔Page 4. Thinking Beyond Pipes and Pumps. (2006) Oliver M Brandes, Tony Maas and Ellen Reynolds. POLIS Project on Ecological Governance. University of Victoria, Victoria, BC.〕 ==Publications== * (The Soft Path for Water in a Nutshell. 2005. Oliver M Brandes and David B Brooks. Friends of the Earth and POLIS Project on Ecological Governance. University of Victoria, Victoria, BC. ) * (G. Wolff and P.H. Gleick, "The Soft Path for Water" in The World's Water 2002-2003 (Island Press, Washington D.C., pp. 1-32. ) * (P.H. Gleick, 2003. ''Science'', Volume 302, November 28, 2003, pp. 1524-1528. ) * (P.H. Gleick, 2002. Nature, Volume 418, pg. 373, July 25, 2002. ) * (Manitoba Water Soft Path 2006. ) * The Energy Controversy: Soft Path Questions and Answers (1979) ISBN 978-0-913890-22-6 * ( A New Path to Water Sustainability for the Town of Oliver, BC - Soft Path Case Study by Oliver M Brandes Tony Maas Adam Mjolsness Ellen Reynolds. Uvic Printers. Feb 2008. ) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Soft water path」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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